Middle+Ages+Citations+and+Links

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code Works Cited code //Burying Plague Victims of Tournai//. 1349. //ABC-CLIO:World History//. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. . This is an code code image of people burying victims of the Black Death in Tournai. Tournai was one of the many code code towns hit during this widespread plague. The Black Death wiped out over one third of the code code population of Europe-25 million people. There were actually three forms of the plague. Bubonic code code plague had a mortality rate of about 50-100% and gave a person painful swelling of the lymph code code nodes to the size of eggs; black areas on the skin; fever, chills and headaches. In addition code code was exhaushtion, muscle aches and a horrible smell. People generally died after 2-7 days and code code the mortality rate was 50-100%. Victims could also get Pneumonic plague or Septicemic plague code code which would have killed their victims in less than a day and the mortality rate was just under code code 100%. The plague produced many results. Some people decided to no longer put their faith in the code code church. Others decided to live for the moment. As a result of the Black Death, there was a drop code code in prices because demand was low. The survivors of the plague witnessed the raising of prices code code because supply was low and so services became expensive. Monarchs made laws to fix prices. This code code may have led to the Peasants Revolt of 1381. Overall though, the Black Death changed the code code history of Europe and hastened changes already set in motion. code code //Charlemagne with Wife//. 8th century. //ABC-CLIO:World History//. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. . This image code code depicts Charlamagne with his wife. Charlamagne was one of the most powerful kings of the Middle code code Ages. During his reigh from 768-814, he created a political system that would influence Europe code code for the next thousand years. He was a mighty warrior, a deeply religous man and a capable code code ruler. code code When Charlamagne was appointed as king of half of his father's land, he showed his military code code might by suppressing a rebellion in the opening years of his reign without the aid of his code code brother, Carloman. After his brother died suddenly in 771 leaving Charlamagne as the sole ruler code code of both territories. As one of his first actions as king was to conquer Saxony. The conquest, code code beginning in 772 would last for over 30 years. In addition, Charlamagne conquered the Lombards code code from 773-774. Charlamagne was also a deeply religous man. According to historians, he attended code code mass regularly and honored the pope, bishops and abbots. While he was conquering Saxony, he was code code determined to convert their them from paganism to Christianity. However, the Saxons resisted code code mightily. Charlamagne saw himself as a "new David", in reference to the KIng David in code code the Bible. He saw himself as God's anointed with responsibilities over God's people and the code code church. Charlamagne's model of Christian Kingship remained the model for much of the rest of code code the Middle Ages. His close ties with the popes in Rome influenced political events long after code code his death. Charlamagne is widely proclaimed the greatest medieval king and his achievments were code code unsurpassed. code code //Domesday Book//. 1086. //ABC-CLIO-World History//. Web. 19 Oct. 2009. . The following image is a page from the Domesday Book. the Domesday code code Book was made under the direction of William the Conqueror. It was a survey of England during code code 1086 to determine taxes. It was the first survey of England until the 19th century so it was code code unique for its time. Most of all though, the Domesday Book provides insight on 11th century code code Europe and its resources. code code //Joan of Arc//. N.d. Giraudon/ Art Resource. //ABC-CLIO- World History//. Web. 16 Oct. 2009. . The picture code code shows Joan of Arc. Originally, she was just a peasant girl but she had a vision from God to code code lead the French Army. She was only 17. Joan of Arc led the French to a victory in the siege of code code Ore'leans. This was a turning point in the war. Though this victory did not end the war. It code code helped raise French moral at a time when moral was low. In 1920, code code //Magna Carta//. 1215. //ABC-CLIO:World History//. Web. 21 Oct. 2009. . This code code image is a page from the Magna Carta. It was a document that King John of England was forced to code code sign in 1215 so that English monarchs could no longer abuse power. The monarch could no longer code code change laws without the agreement of his nobles. code code //Palace of the Popes in Avignon//. N.d. //ABC-CLIO: World History//. Web. 2 Nov. 2009. . The image code code shows the Palace of the Popes in Avignon, France. For much of the 12th century, the papalcy was code code located in Avignon. Rome at the time was politically unstable and as a result, Pope Clement code code decided to stay in Avignon, a city on the border of the Holy Roman Empire and France but code code techinally, was a city of the Holy Roman Empire where it was politically stable and he had the code code protection of the king of France. Pope Clement thought Avignon would be the perfect place for code code the temporary home of the papalacy because not only was Avignon a small town where he could code code have a certain degree of freedom but he could make a peace treaty between France and England. code code When Clement died, his elected sucessor Pope John XXII officialy declared Avignon the location code code of the papalcy. As time passed, more popes that were elected were French. Basically all of the code code members of the clergy were French. Many people at the time thought that the king of France, code code because he was so close, was influencing the popes. To make matters worse, in 1348, when the code code first wave of Black Death was beginning to be felt, Pope Clement Vi had just doubled the size code code of the papal court and it was more lavish than before. This was the beginning of the Great code code Schism which saw two or three popes ruling at one time, swaying the faith of many Christian's code code in the Church code code "Richard I, the Lionheart." //Biography Resource Center//. Gale Cengage Learning, 2009. Web. 29 Oct. 2009. . This code code image shows King Richard the I the Lionheart. KIng Richard was the king of England during the code code Third Crusades. Many stories are told of his bravery and military genius that he earned the code code title the Lionheart. Often he would fight greatly outnumbered and still be victorious. Though code code none of his victories had lasting importance, Richard still showed England's military might. code